•Adult intakes average 2.77 – 3.42 [95% CI
1.05-8.11] mg/day
•
•Food sources: grains (50%), tea, beans,
blackberries; supplements 3%
•
•Deficiency rare but may occur in those fed
parenterally
•
•Glucosamine preparations contain 2 to 8 mg
per day [34-45 mg]
•
•GL 4.0 mg (TSI 12.2 mg) but 0.5 mg (TSI 8.7
mg) if >50 yrs
•
•1.03% to 4.86% of dietary manganese is
absorbed
•
•Absorption is approximately doubled in iron
deficiency (low serum ferritin)
or by low dietary non-haem iron and little by anaemia
•
•Absorption requires Divalent Metal
Transporter, DMT1, in the gut wall
•
•Any excess of Mn is excreted via the bile, if
liver function is normal
•
•Up to 1.5 mg of Mn may be retained per day;
half-life is 12-36 days
•
•Manganese excess in the brain can occur as a
result of cholestatic liver disease and is associated with fatigue; it may not be
reversible
•
•High Mn concentration in platelets ? raised
in thrombocythaemia
•
•Iron deficiency and abnormal liver function
are common in UK